MCI is not actually dementia, but it can be an early sign or precursor to it. It involves changes in memory, thinking or reasoning that are greater than what’s expected with normal aging but not severe enough to prevent daily activities – although tasks may require more effort. People with MCI are usually aware of the associated changes and symptoms, and so are family and friends.
MCI can happen for different reasons, including:
• Being an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia
• Medical conditions such as diabetes, depression, sleep apnoea or stroke
• Lifestyle factors such as being inactive, socially isolated or having a poor diet
• Risk factors may increase with age, family history of dementia, cardiovascular disease, or having fewer opportunities for education and mental stimulation
• Memory problems, such as forgetting appointments, recent conversations or names
• Difficulty with concentration, finding the right words or making decisions
The assessment process may involve:
• Reviewing medical history
• A physical exam
• Completing tests
• Blood tests to rule out other possible causes
• Brain imaging, in some instances
Each year, about 10% to 15% of people with MCI go on to develop dementia, but many stay the same – or even improve. Recognising and monitoring MCI early is important as it all allows action to be taken that can potentially delay further decline. While there isn’t a cure, lifestyle changes to support brain health can help, such as:
• Exercising regularly
• Eating a healthy, balanced diet
• Engaging the mind through puzzles, reading or learning new skills
• Staying socially connected
• Managing health conditions