The word “vascular” refers to the body’s network of blood vessels: the arteries, veins, and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart and throughout the body. A healthy vascular system is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body’s organs and tissues and for removing waste products. Vascular dementia is a common form of dementia, caused by vascular problems in the brain.
Vascular dementia is caused by the thinning or blocking of blood vessels, which reduces the oxygen supply to the brain, eventually damaging or killing some brain cells. This may be due to a series of small strokes (called transient ischemic attacks, or TIAs), in which case symptoms will present themselves gradually; or a large stroke, in which case symptoms will be displayed almost immediately.
Vascular dementia can also be the result of disease impacting upon blood vessels in the brain. This type is called subcortical vascular dementia, and its symptoms may differ from other forms of vascular dementia, resembling those of Alzheimer’s disease. A lot of people living with vascular dementia may find it difficult to concentrate, have issues with problem-solving and can also experience short intervals of confusion.
• Difficulty with concentration
• Problem-solving concerns
• Short intervals of confusion
Good health behaviours help protect the vascular system, reducing the risk of vascular dementia. Key preventative strategies include:
• Eat a balanced diet low in saturated fat and salt
• Stay active and exercise regularly
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels
Independent of any concerns about dementia, if you or a loved one have concerns about circulation – such as leg pain when walking, sudden weakness or numbness, severe headaches or vision problems – seek medical advice as soon as possible. Early treatment can help prevent serious complications.